The Department of Labor (DOL) and Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp. (PBGC) have published 2023 inflation-adjusted civil monetary penalties for retirement plans.

DOL penalties

The chart below shows DOL’s maximum 2023 penalties for single-employer defined benefit (DB) and defined contribution (DC) plans, with 2022 penalties shown for comparison. The increased amounts apply to penalties assessed after Jan. 15, 2023, for violations occurring after Nov. 2, 2015.

PBGC penalties

PBGC’s 2023 maximum penalty under ERISA Section 4071 for single-employer DB plans is $2,586 a day (up from $2,400 in 2022) for each day a filing, notice or other information is overdue. The higher rate applies to penalties assessed after Jan. 12, 2023. This penalty could apply to virtually any late PBGC information or premium filing for a single-employer plan, including:

• Premium filings (the late-filing penalty is separate from the penalty on premium underpayments)
• ERISA Section 4010 controlled-group financial and plan actuarial information filings
• Form 10 or 10-Advance reportable-event filings
• Form 200 filings to report missed contributions in excess of $1 million
• ERISA Section 4062(e) notices (when permanent cessation of operations at a facility results in a workforce reduction affecting more than 15% of all employees eligible to participate in any qualified retirement plan in the controlled group)
• ERISA Section 4063 notices (when a substantial employer has withdrawn from a multiple-employer plan)

Maximum penalty rarely assessed. In practice, PBGC rarely assesses the maximum penalty. The agency's current penalty policy calls for much smaller penalties, especially when a delinquent filing is made soon after the due date or the plan is small. However, depending on the facts and circumstances, PBGC might assess the maximum penalty in two situations:

• A sponsor fails to file Form 200 reporting a missed contribution that brings the total unpaid amount (including interest) to more than $1 million — or files the form more than 10 days after the missed contribution's due date — if PBGC would have perfected a lien had the agency known about the missed contribution. (If the sponsor promptly deposits the missed contribution, the agency typically won't perfect the lien.)
  
• A nonpublicly traded employer with large unfunded vested benefits (for variable-rate PBGC premiums) fails to provide advance notice of a reportable event under ERISA Section 4043(b).

Related resources

• DOL adjustment of civil penalties for 2023 (Federal Register, Jan. 13, 2023)
• PBGC adjustment of civil penalties for 2023 (Federal Register, Jan. 12, 2023)
• PBGC assessment of penalties for failure to provide required information (Federal Register, July 18, 1995)