Washington, DC, employers will face reporting obligations under the city’s individual health coverage mandate. New tax guidance (Notice 2019-04) sets out requirements for the annual reports due beginning June 30, 2020. Employer reporting to the DC Office of Tax and Revenue (0TR) will incorporate the IRS forms that employers and insurers currently use to report coverage offered or provided.
Under a District of Columbia law effective in 2019 (DC Code §§ 47-5101 to 47-5109), most DC residents must have minimum essential coverage (MEC) for themselves and their dependents or pay a tax penalty. Modeled on the federal Affordable Care Act (ACA) mandate before Congress zeroed out the IRS penalty for going without coverage, the DC law follows many ACA definitions, including MEC.
Minimum Essential Coverage
The law defines MEC as any plan covered by the federal mandate (Internal Revenue Code (IRC) § 5000A) and implementing regulations in effect on Dec. 15, 2017. These coverage options include:
The term excludes plans that offer only excepted benefits, such as stand-alone vision or dental plans, long-term care insurance, supplemental or specified-disease coverage, and accident or disability insurance.
Applicable entities include plan sponsors covering at least 50 employees and at least one DC resident, as well as health insurers providing MEC to DC residents during the coverage year. These entities must sign up and file information returns with OTR.
The reporting requirement encompasses any employee for whom the employer withholds DC taxes. Reporting also applies to any employee who has a DC mailing address, even if the employer doesn’t withhold and report DC taxes. Employers that furnish covered employees with MEC notices for federal purposes don’t have to provide duplicate notices for DC.
Filing Details
Applicable entities should electronically file with OTR the same information filed with the IRS, including:
All information returns must be uploaded through MyTax.DC.gov, using OTR’s prescribed layouts and file formats. Entities may contract with third-party providers to complete the filing. Any filer that doesn’t currently have a MyTax.DC.gov account will have to sign up to obtain login credentials. Special bulk-filing accounts will apply for filers that are not DC taxpayers.
Filing Deadlines
For the 2019 coverage year, filings will be due June 30, 2020. In later years, reports will be due 30 days after the federal filing deadline, including any delay. The FAQs in the DC notice don’t address any possible federal delays for the 2019 plan-year filing due in 2020.
While the task of submitting the federal forms to DC tax regulators may seem fairly straightforward, several issues remain unclear:
In addition to DC, five states — California, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Rhode Island and Vermont — have implemented or enacted individual health coverage mandates. The Massachusetts mandate has been in place since 2006. The New Jersey mandate took effect in 2019, and reporting begins in 2020. New mandates in California and Rhode Island take effect next year. Vermont’s mandate also takes effect next year but requires no employer reporting, unless federal reporting ends. Below is a brief recap of these states’ mandates.
California
Beginning Jan. 1, 2020, California’s new mandate (2019 Ch. 38, SB 78) will require state residents to maintain MEC for themselves and their dependents or pay a state tax penalty. Self-insured plan sponsors, health insurers and other entities that provide MEC to residents must file coverage reports with the California Franchise Tax Board (FTB) by March 31 after the coverage year has ended. The FTB will develop reporting forms, but the same information reported to IRS under IRC § 6055 (as of Dec. 15, 2017) will suffice for California reporting.
Massachusetts
By Jan. 31 after the close of each coverage year, employers that provide minimum creditable coverage (MCC) or their vendors must distribute Form MA 1099-HC to covered Massachusetts residents and report this information to the state Department of Revenue (DOR). Most employers rely on their vendors to determine MCC status, distribute the forms and file the DOR report. Insurers subject to Massachusetts regulation must determine MCC status and typically complete the reporting requirements. However, employers that self-insure or contract with more than one vendor for a single plan may need to complete an attestation form before their vendor will complete the annual reporting.
New Jersey
Beginning in 2020, New Jersey will require employers to report prior-year health coverage information for covered employees and their dependents residing in the state. Reporting guidance specifies that employers and other MEC providers must transmit health coverage returns for the 2019 tax year through New Jersey’s e-file system for W-2 forms by March 31, 2020. The returns must contain the information required for IRS Forms 1094-C and 1095-C. Companies are encouraged to send only New Jersey residents’ data, but the state will accept the same 1094/1095 files sent to the IRS — even if they include data for out-of-state residents. Filers of Forms 1094-B and 1095-B should use those forms for New Jersey filings.
Rhode Island
Rhode Island’s Market Stability and Reinsurance Act (2019 Ch. 88, HB 5151 Art. 11) reinstates the individual coverage mandate for state residents, beginning in 2020. The state law closely follows the ACA mandate in its original form, including the definition of MEC and penalty calculations. Third-party healthcare payers — including employers sponsoring self-insured group health plans — will have to file state reports. The IRS coverage-reporting forms may suffice for Rhode Island’s reports.
Vermont
Amendments to Vermont’s individual health coverage mandate (2019 Act 63, HB 524) require residents to self-report compliance beginning in 2020. Residents filing individual income tax returns will indicate if they had MEC during the tax year and, if requested by the state, will have to submit their IRS Forms 1095-B and 1095-C as proof. Vermont doesn’t require employer reporting unless the ACA mandate (IRC § 6055) for MEC providers to furnish a statement to covered individuals is suspended or eliminated.
Employers with DC employees should plan to take these steps:
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